Matter is any physical material of the universe; it is anything that occupies space and has mass and volume.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
There are two principal ways of classifying matter; one is through its physical state, and the other is according to its composition.
A. Based on its Physical/Mechanical State
1. Solid- has both definite shape and definite volume. It cannot be compressed to any appreciable extent.
2. Liquid- has a definite volume independent of its container but has no specific shape. It assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies.
3. Gas- has no fixed volume and shape; rather it conforms to the volume and shape of its container. It can be compressed to occupy smaller volumes or expand to occupy larger volumes.
4. Plasma- semi liquid or gaseous state that contains charged particles(ions).
5. Bose-Einstein Condensate
B. Based on the Chemical State/Composition
1. Pure Substances- are kind of matter that have distinct properties and composition that do not vary from sample to sample.
a. Elements- are the simplest substances which cannot be decomposed or changed by physical or chemical means.
b. Compounds- are substances composed of two or more elements and can be decomposed to simpler substances.
2. Mixtures- are combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity and can be separated through physical or mechanical means.
a. Homogeneous Mixtures- mixtures that are uniform in size, shape and phase
components throughout.
Solutions- are kind of homogenous mixtures that have uniform composition and have very small size particle components.
b. Heterogeneous Mixtures- mixtures that have different size, shape and phase
composition.
Colloids- mixtures containing particles larger than normal solutes(in solution) but small enough to remain suspended in a dispersing medium.
Suspensions- mixtures containing larger, visible particles.
